16 Tenses in English Grammar
Verb tenses show us when an action takes place: in
the present, past or future. Each of the three main tenses has a progressive,
perfect and perfect progressive aspect which give us more information about the
time, progression or completion of an action.
1. Simple
Present Tenses
The simple present is a
verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an action
is happening right now or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, everyday
habits). The characteristic features of his statement include, every day, every
Sunday, every year, every week.
Nominal Formulas
- I/You/We/They + To Be (am/are)
- He/She/it + To Be (is)
Example :
- Iam here every Sunday
- They are at home every morning.
I/You/We/ They + V I
He/She/it + VI (s/es)
(+) S + Verb/ Verb-s/es + Complement
(-) S + Do/does not + Verb1 + Complement
(?) Do/ does + S + Verb1 + Complement ?
Example :
·
(+) They go to the beach on Monday
·
(-) They don’t
go to the beach on Monday
·
(?) Do they go
to the beach on Monday?
2. Present continues Tenses
The present continuous verb tense indicates that an
action or condition is happening now, frequently, and may continue into the
future.
Formulas :
Formulas :
I/ You/We/They/ We
+ To Be (am/are) + V I (ing)
He/ She/it + To Be (is) + V I (ing)
(+) S + to be (am/are/is) + Verb-ing + O
(-) S + to be (am/are/is) + Not + V(ing) + O
(?) to be (Am/are/is) + S + Ving + O
Example :
§ (+)My father is reading a newspaper right now.
§ (-) My father is not reading a newspaper right now.
§ (?) Is my father reading a newspaper right now?
§ (+)My father is reading a newspaper right now.
§ (-) My father is not reading a newspaper right now.
§ (?) Is my father reading a newspaper right now?
3. Present Perfect tenses
§ Present
perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an
indefinite time in the past
(e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past
and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last
hour). This tense is formed by have/has + the past participle. action that has just been completed completed action with influence on
the present an action that has never/once/more
than once taken place up to the time of speaking (example : already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up
to now).
Nominal Formulas :
I/we/you/ they
+ Have + been
He/She/ it
+ Has +
been
Example :
(+) We have been to Singapore
(-) We have not been to Singapore
(?) Have they been to Singapore
4. Present Perfect
Continues Tenses.
Present
perfect continues tenses are a form of time used to express a past event and
last until now and that event may still be carried out in the future.
§ Time
signal such as for, sinve long, how, the whole day, all afternoon, for over two
year
§ The
use of the present perfect continues is to express a work or situation that is
temporary
§ The
present perfect continues function is also to talk about a work that began in
the past and has just been completed
Formulas
Formulas
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing
(-) S + have/has + not been + V-ing
(?)
have/has + S + been + V-ing ?
Examples :
(+) Fino has been training English for year.
(-) Fino has been not training English for year.
(?) Has been Fino training English for year
5. Simple Past Tenses
The simple past is a verb tense
that is used to talk about things that happened or existed before now. Imagine
someone asks what your brother Wolfgang did while he was in town last weekend. The simple past tense shows that you are talking
about something that has already happened. Unlike the past continuous tense,
which is used to talk about past events that happened over a period of time,
the simple past tense emphasizes that the action is finished.
- a single or repeated action in
the past
- actions happening one after the
other in the past
- a new action that interrupts an
action that was already taking place
- yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last
Friday
if-clause type II (If I talked, …)
(+) S + V2 + O
(-) S + did not
+ V2 + O
(?) did + S + V1 + O
Example
:
(+)
They were happy last week
(-)
They were not happy last week
(?)
Were they happy last week ?
Example
:
(+)
We gave her a doll for her birthday
(-)
We didn’t give her a dol for her birthday
(?)
Did we give her a dol for her birthday ?
Nominal formulas :
You/ They/ We
+ To Be (ware)
I/ She/ He/
it +
To be (was)
Example
:
(+)
They were happy last week
(-)
They were not happy last week
(?)
Were they happy last week ?
Verbal
form :
I /You/We/They/He/She/it + VII
Example
:
(+)
We gave her a doll for her birthday
(-)
We didn’t give her a dol for her birthday
(?)
Did we give her a dol for her birthday ?
6. Past Continues Tense
Past progressive tense describe a past action which was happening when another action occured.
This tense is formed by using was/were with the verb form ending in-ing.
This tense is formed by using was/were with the verb form ending in-ing.
- emphasis on the process of an action taking place in
the past
- multiple actions taking place at the same time
- an action that was taking place when interrupted by a
new action
- while, as long as
(+) S + to be (was,were) Ving + O
(-) S + to be (was,were) + not + Ving + O
(?) to be (was,were) + S + Ving + O
Example
:
(+)
He was studying this morning
(-)
He was Not Studying this morning
(?)
Was he Studying this morning.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Past
perfect tense is used to show the work done earlier than past tense.
- action taking place before a
certain time in the past
- sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect progressive
- emphasises only the fact that
something took place before a certain point in the past
- already, just, never, not yet, once, until that
day
if-clause type III (If I had talked, …)
(+) S + Had + V3 + O
(-) S + had + not + V3
+ O
(?) had + S + V3 + O
Example
:
(+)
Johan had married before he went to Spain
(-)
Johan had not married before he went to spain
(?)
Had Johan married before he went to Spain ?
8. Past Perfect Continues Tenses
Past perfect continues tenses is use
to express something that started in the past and continued until another event
happened in the past. In other words, it is a continuous occurrence in the past
that stopped at another specific point in the past. Instead of being a finite
past action, it refers to an something ongoing in the past.
In this example, Event A started
first and continued until Event B occurred.
Event A: I
had been laughing for an hour
Event B: when my friend told me to stop.
Event B: when my friend told me to stop.
Formulas
:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + been + S + Ving ?
Examples
:
(+)
We had already been waiting for a bus when
she told you she could give you a
ride
(-)
We had already not been waiting for a bus when
she told you she could give you a ride
(?)
Had we already been waiting for a
bus when she told you she could give you a ride?
9. Simple Future Tenses
Simple future
tense is used to show activities that are carried out in the future.
- events in the future that
cannot be influenced
- spontaneous decision
- suppositions about the future
- tomorrow , if-clause
type I (If you ask her, she will help you.)
supposition: I think, probably, perhaps.
(+) S + will +
V1 + O
(-) S + will + not + V1 + O
(?) Will + S + V1 + O
Example :
(+) He will speak
(-) He will not speak
(?) Will not speak ?
10. Future Continous tense
Future continuous tense is used to
express activities that will be carried out in the future.
action that will be taking place at a certain point in the
future, certain or obvious events.
Example time signal such us in one year, next week, tomorrow.
Formulas :
(+) S + will be + Ving + O
(-) S + Will + not + be + Ving
(?) will + S + be + Ving + O
Examples
:
(+) You will be
practicing dancing tomorrow at six p.m
(-) You will not be
practicing dancing tomorrow at six p.m
(?) Will you be
practicing dancing tomorrow at six p.m
11. Future Perfect Tenses
- Future perfect tense is used for past suppositions. in
other words, what is relied upon does not happen in the past. action that will have been completed by a future time
- action that will have been completed by a future time, by Monday, in a week
Formulas
:
(+) S + would + have + V3 + O
(-) S + would + have + not + v3 + O
(?) would + S + have + v3 + O
Examples :
(+) He will have spoken
(-) He will not have
spoken
(?) Will he have spoken
12. Future Perfect Continues Tense
It is used to
express a continued or on going action that will start in future and is thought
to be continued till sometime in future. Time signal such as by the end of.
(+) S + shall/will + have + been + V-ing
(-) S + shall/will + not + have + been + V-ing
(?) Shall/ will + S + have + been + V-ing
Examples :
(+) My mother shall have been cooking
(-) My mother shall have been cooking
(?) Shall my mother have been cooking?
13. Past Future Tense
Used to express will in the past, action that could possibly take place. If- clause type II
(If I were you, I would go home). Information about time used in past future tenses such as at
that time, two days ago, yesterday, last week.
Formulas :
(+) S + would
+ V1 + O
(-) S +
would + not + V1
+ O
(?)
would + S
+ V1 + O
Examples
(+) She would watch the movie, but my mom asked her
to go shoping
(-) She would not watch the movie, but my mom asked
her go to shoping
(?) Would she watch the movie, but my mom asked her
go to shoping?
14. Past Future Continues
tenses
To
express an act or event that will be taking place the past. Time signal such as at this time the following day, at five yesteerday.
Formulas :
(+) S + should/would + be + V-ing
(-) S + should/would + not + be + V-ing
(?) should/would + S + be + V-ing
Examples
:
(+) We would be meeting here at five yesterday.
(-) We would not be meeting here at five yesterday.
(?) Would we be meeting here at five yesterday?
15. Past Future Perfect
Tense
Formulas
:
(+) S + Would
have +
V3 + O
(-) S + Would have
+ not + V3
+ O
(?) Would
+ S + have
+ V3 + O
Example :
(+) He would have brought you a new dress
(-) He would have not brought you a new dress
(? Would have you brought a new dress ?
16. Past Future Perfect
Continues tense
The
past future perfect tense is a form that states an action in the past that will
be completed and when the conditions are fulfilled. Time signal such as by the
end of this mont.
Formulas :
(+) S + Should/Would + have + been + V-ing
(-) S + Should/would + not + have + been + V-ing
(?) Should/Whould + S + have + been + V-ing
Examples
:
(+) They would have been waiting for three hours, by
last Sunday
(-) They would not have been waiting for three
hours, by last Sunday
(?) Would they have been waiting for three hours, by
last Sunday?
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